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 Rock Engineering for Foundations, Slopes and Tunnels

Rock mechanics has been a major aspect of work for Antonio Associates for many years and major projects have been completed in all parts of the world.

Rock engineering projects for highway cuttings, foundations and underground structures and the excavation of rock or the design of permanent structures in rock requires a thorough understanding of:

  • all rock types and full rock structure,
  • in-situ stress history and induced changes,
  • rock material strength and joint strength,
  • optimum and effective reinforcement,
  • the effects of water, and,
  • an understanding of how these measurements are applied to the large scale engineering project.

Despite the fact that many rock materials are stronger than the concrete of most structures, engineering projects in rock require thorough consideration. Only in very particular circumstances can a rock mass be analysed in a similar way to soil. When deep underground or when the size of discontinuities, faults and large joints in most rock masses are of a similar scale to the engineering design, is when other design methods can be used which follow the principles of rock mechanics.

Antonio Associates has provided expert support to projects for the design of rock foundations, rock cuttings, water supply tunnels, rail and road tunnels, quarries and rock-filled embankments.

Typically, on large projects, geological site surveys including field mapping and coring is required to provide basic field data for initial design.