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Antonio Associates can investigate, plan and design embankments and cuttings in soil or rock.

Special control is required for retaining structures such as dams or landfill liners. Permeability of the material is another attribute to be considered during placement and compaction. In difficult ground (weak rock or particularly weathered slopes) or on poor foundation soils, a good understanding of the geological processes enables a sensible line to be drawn about the theoretical slope angle and the ease of build and maintenance.

Highway construction is a problem of logistics. The earthwork materials and aggregates for the highway construction will often be taken en route.

After an evaluation of the available earthworks and aggregate materials, Antonio Associates can design or review the designs of the embankments and pavements. Varying the thickness of the embankment and pavements layers, with consideration given to the improvement of these materials by physical or chemical stabilistaion methods.

It is essential that proper control procedures are established, particularly in undeveloped countries. As part of a program of materials control the following aspects must be satisfied: mapping and location of quarries and borrow areas, negotiation of extraction rights, physical investigation of quality and extent of the source deposit, field and laboratory testing

In many countries, the quality of most construction materials are guaranteed by the manufacturer or supplier; however inspection, vetting of their quality systems and monitoring these suppliers are all part of Antonio Associates services.

Antonio Associates recognises the need to control the materials used in various facets of all construction projects:

• earthwork materials: soil, rock and manmade; processed or unprocessed for use as filter media, embankments, and backfill to structures
  
• aggregates: natural, manmade, crushed and uncrushed for use in unbound and bound pavement layers, filter media, concretes and asphalt
  
• cement for use in mortars, concretes and stabilisation
  
• water and additives principally for use in mortars and concretes
  
• bricks and tiles for use in buildings and paving
  
• steel: plate, reinforcing elements, cable and wires for structures
  
• bitumen, asphalt and tars for bituminous and asphaltic pavement layers, tack coats, stabilisation and waterproofing
  
• stone for masonry and gabions
  
• timber for temporary works and structures
  
• natural and synthetic rubber for waterproofing, bearings and gaskets
  
• other manufactured products for general construction use including: lime, paints, non-ferrous metals, glass, plastics, adhesives, fabrics (geo-textiles) road furniture, components of mechanical and electrical items

Antonio Associates has extensive experience in the management of the materials aspects of feasibility studies and construction projects which have been located both in congested urban areas and remote rural environments.

Services include: locating sources of all construction materials, relevant inspection and the arrangement of necessary independant testing earthworks and pavement design establishment of the appropriate Quality systems for the size and nature of the Project establishing on-site laboratories training of local personnel design of asphalt, batched products and concrete mixes supervising of all on-site testing both in the field and in the laboratory analysis and proposing solutions to difficult or unforeseen ground conditions